1. Data: The frequency of 'refugee' shows a clear peak in 2015, with a dramatic increase from 2014 and a gradual decline thereafter. The word's usage was relatively stable from 2010-2014, saw its highest spike in 2015, followed by elevated but decreasing frequencies in 2016-2017. From 2018 onwards, the frequency returned to levels more similar to the pre-2015 period, with some fluctuations but no major spikes.

2. Possible explanation: The striking peak in 2015 likely corresponds to the European refugee crisis, when the term would have been crucial for news reporting. The gradual build-up from 2010-2014 suggests increasing global attention to refugee issues, while the sharp rise in 2015 indicates a critical event demanding extensive media coverage. The subsequent decline from 2016-2018 suggests a gradual decrease in media focus, though remaining above pre-2015 levels. The moderate increase in 2022-2023 could reflect renewed attention to refugee situations, before returning to baseline levels in 2024-2025.

3. Competing constructions: In periods of lower frequency (2010-2014 and 2020-2025), alternative terms might include: - 'Asylum seeker' - a more formal, legal term - 'Migrant' - a broader, more general term - 'Displaced person' - a more technical term These alternatives might be preferred when the specific legal/political status of 'refugee' is not the primary focus of discussion, or when discussing broader migration patterns. The choice between these terms often reflects different framing of the same phenomena, with 'refugee' specifically emphasizing forced displacement due to persecution or conflict.